Here are few ways to pick the finest construction material.

It depends on the soil itself, the surrounding environment (where the site is located, is it near a residential area? Or is it on a mountain? Or in a cliff? How often does it rain? Does it located in an earthquake zone? And many more question), the function of the structure above, and the load (both laterally and vertically) will be carried by the foundation itself, and the budget owners capable of funding. Buy construction supplies here.

Reinforced concretes are a very good foundation and retaining structure material if you're building a structure with high vertical and lateral load due to its flexibility in terms of design (not material flexibility as in E (Young Modulus or Poisson Ratio). It can come in different sizes to accommodate the needs even when the load is very high. In terms of pile foundation, it gives quite a massive bearing capacity (especially on the skin friction given the length), works pretty well in soft to hard soils, it can also reduce settlement of your building. In terms of retaining structure, the deflection given by the concrete contiguous bored pile or secant piles are quite small compared to steel sheets, it comes in any length needed, and it's more “neighbor friendly” since it produces less sound during the making.

However, it comes with a cost of both money and time. Small private/individual owners are not very happy with the costs, big companies have no trouble with the money, but usually the time. The second weakness is that if it is improperly designed or lacks monitoring during the construction phase, it will cause devastating damage, especially by the earthquake.

Steel as piles is best for medium density sandy soils and relatively low vertical and lateral load. It also has an advantage in construction time since it was prefabricated. However, it's troublesome to neighboring residences during the piling process. Installation of steel piles requires a drop hammer (diesel hammer or hydraulic jammer), which causes a quite loud noise, or a vibratory hammer, which causes a disturbing ground vibration.

Silent way using jacking method sometimes results in lower bearing capacity of the piles. Steel piles are also unable to penetrate hard or stiff soils. As a retaining structure, it does provide a relatively strong retaining structure and fast construction phase but it can't bear the heavy lateral load. You can use steel sheets for making a “diversion dam” in rivers to create a workspace for a bridge foundation and for a shallow basement (3–4m deep) in tight spaces.

Last but not least is timber. In tropical areas, you should rarely use timber since it rains a lot and the quality of the timber may vary and not be constant. It's quite reliable in earthquake conditions, fairly inexpensive, and fast to build. But very poor insulation and as a foundation, it tends to decompose after quite a while.

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